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Biometal (biology)
Biometals are metal ions used in biology, biochemistry, and medicine. The metals copper, zinc, iron, and manganese are examples of metals that are essential for the normal functioning of the human body. Approximately 2/3 of the existing periodic table is composed of metals with varying properties,〔http://rna.cshl.edu/content/free/chapters/12_rna_world_2nd.pdf〕 accounting for the diverse ways metal ions have been utilized in nature and medicine.
==Naturally occurring biometals==
Metal ions are essential to the function of many proteins present in living organisms, such as metalloproteins and enzymes that require metal ions as cofactors.〔Banci, Lucia, ed. (2013). Metallomics and the Cell. Series editors Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut; Sigel, Roland K.O. Springer. ISBN 978-94-007-5560-4. electronic-book ISBN 978-94-007-5561-1 ISSN 1559-0836 electronic-ISSN 1868-0402〕 Processes including oxygen transport and DNA replication are carried out using enzymes such as DNA polymerase, which in humans requires magnesium and zinc to function properly.〔Aggett PJ (1985). "Physiology and metabolism of essential trace elements: an outline". Clin Endocrinol Metab 14 (3): 513–43. doi:10.1016/S0300-595X(85)80005-0 . PMID 3905079〕 Other biomolecules also contain metal ions in their structure, such as iodine in human thyroid hormones.〔Cavalieri RR (1997). "Iodine metabolism and thyroid physiology: current concepts". Thyroid 7 (2): 177–81. doi:10.1089/thy.1997.7.177 . PMID 9133680〕
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